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  Hexo的云服务器部署
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  <p>部署hexo博客到云服务器上的教程</p>
<h1 id="环境部署"><a href="#环境部署" class="headerlink" title="环境部署"></a>环境部署</h1><p>环境部署环节应该不需要多说，遇到问题了google之即可。</p>
<h2 id="相关环境表"><a href="#相关环境表" class="headerlink" title="相关环境表"></a>相关环境表</h2><div class="table-container">
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>本地</th>
<th>远端欧拉</th>
<th>备注</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>nodejs</td>
<td>nodejs</td>
<td>用<code>node -v</code>以及<code>npm -v</code>检查安装情况</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>git</td>
<td>git</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>hexo-cli</td>
<td></td>
<td><code>npm i hexo-cli -g</code>安装</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<h1 id="部署hexo"><a href="#部署hexo" class="headerlink" title="部署hexo"></a>部署hexo</h1><p>在本地安装完<code>hexo-cli</code>之后使用<code>hexo</code>检查安装成功与否。如果失败，先重新起一个命令行再尝试。</p>
<ol>
<li>在自定义位置初始化blog文件夹：</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mkdir hexo-blog</span><br><span class="line">cd hexo-blog &amp;&amp; npm init -y</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>公司的网执行<code>npm i</code>可能会失败，因为其本质是从github拉取仓库，可以直接从github下载压缩包后解压到该目录：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/hexojs/hexo-starter">GitHub - hexojs/hexo-starter: Hexo Starter site)</a></p>
</blockquote>
<ol>
<li><p>下载主题</p>
<p>同以上一样，从<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io/themes/">Themes | Hexo</a>选择合适主题下载，大部分主题都有教程如何安装。同理，如果直接使用npm无法拉取的话可以直接去github下载后放在<code>theme</code>文件夹下。</p>
<p>在本地配置文件<code>_config.yml</code>文件中修改：</p>
<figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 这里修改为自定义主题</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">theme:</span> <span class="string">redefine</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>注意有的主体需要新建形如<code>_config.redefine.yml</code>的文件进行主题的配置</p>
</li>
<li><p>本地执行<code>hexo</code>项目，添加<code>start</code>脚本</p>
<p>先在<code>package.json</code>文件中修改：</p>
<figure class="highlight json"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">&quot;scripts&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="punctuation">&#123;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">&quot;build&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="string">&quot;hexo generate&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">,</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">&quot;clean&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="string">&quot;hexo clean&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">,</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">&quot;deploy&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="string">&quot;hexo clean &amp;&amp; hexo g -d&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">,</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">&quot;server&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="string">&quot;hexo server&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">,</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">&quot;start&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="string">&quot;hexo clean &amp;&amp; hexo g &amp;&amp; hexo s&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="punctuation">&#125;</span><span class="punctuation">,</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>再使用<code>npm start</code>启动项目，可以在 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://localhost:4000">http://localhost:4000</a> 验证效果了</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h1 id="部署远端git"><a href="#部署远端git" class="headerlink" title="部署远端git"></a>部署远端git</h1><blockquote>
<p>git的安装与配置不再详述，包括ssh认证的问题请自行解决。主要记录远端git私库的配置。</p>
</blockquote>
<ol>
<li><p>ssh登录到远端服务器后，创建用户并配置其仓库：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">useradd git</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">设置密码</span></span><br><span class="line">passwd git </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">这步很重要，不切换用户后面会很麻烦</span></span><br><span class="line">su git </span><br><span class="line">cd /home/git/</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">项目存在的真实目录</span></span><br><span class="line">mkdir -p projects/hexo-blog</span><br><span class="line">mkdir repos &amp;&amp; cd repos</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">创建一个裸露的仓库</span></span><br><span class="line">git init --bare blog.git</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>创建裸露仓库并配置hook</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd blog.git/hooks</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">创建 hook 钩子函数，输入了内容如下</span></span><br><span class="line">vi post-receive</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash">!/bin/bash</span></span><br><span class="line">git --work-tree=/home/git/projects/hexo-blog --git-dir=/home/git/repos/blog.git checkout -f</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>修改权限</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">chmod +x post-receive</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash"> 退出到 root 登录</span></span><br><span class="line">exit</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">添加权限</span></span><br><span class="line">chown -R git:git /home/git/repos/blog.git</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>在本地测试git仓是否可用，在空白文件夹下发送以下命令，如果有空仓库下拉，说明git私库搭建成功：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">git clone git@server_ip:/home/git/repos/blog.git</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>建立ssh信任关系，用于免密登录，在本地：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ssh-copy-id -i C:/Users/yourname/.ssh/id_rsa.pub git@server_ip</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">测试能否登录</span></span><br><span class="line">ssh git@server_ip</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>如果windows无法使用<code>ssh-copy-id</code>，参考<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://3ms.huawei.com/km/blogs/details/14354899">windows无法使用ssh-copy-id解决方案</a></p>
</li>
<li><p>（可选）安全起见禁用git用户的shell登录权限，只能通过<code>git clone</code>，<code>git push</code>等登录：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">查看 git-shell 是否在登录方式里面</span></span><br><span class="line">cat /etc/shells</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">查看是否安装</span></span><br><span class="line">which git-shell</span><br><span class="line">vi /etc/shells</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>添加上两步显示出来的路径，通常在 <code>/usr/bin/git-shell</code>，随后修改<code>/etc/passwd</code>中的权限：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">将原来的</span></span><br><span class="line">git:x:1000:1000::/home/git:/bin/bash</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">修改为</span></span><br><span class="line">git:x:1000:1000:,,,:/home/git:/usr/bin/git-shell</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ol>
<h4 id="搭建nginx服务器"><a href="#搭建nginx服务器" class="headerlink" title="搭建nginx服务器"></a>搭建<code>nginx</code>服务器</h4><blockquote>
<p>nginx的安装与配置不再赘述</p>
</blockquote>
<ol>
<li><p>配置<code>nginx</code>文件</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">先启动检查是否安装成功，浏览器查看 server_ip，默认是 80 端口</span></span><br><span class="line">nginx</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">先停止nginx</span></span><br><span class="line">nginx -s stop </span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">可以使用nginx -t查看配置文件位置</span></span><br><span class="line">cd /etc/nginx/</span><br><span class="line">vim nginx.conf</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>修改 <code>root</code>解析路径，同时将 <code>user</code>改为 <code>root</code> ，不然<code>nginx</code>无法访问<code>/home/git/projects/hexo-blog</code>。此外配置location为<code>/</code>的部分，自定义监听端口号。修改部分参考如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight roboconf"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">user root;</span><br><span class="line">worker_processes auto;</span><br><span class="line">error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;</span><br><span class="line">pid /run/nginx.pid;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">events &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attribute">worker_connections 1024;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute">&#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute">http &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute">    log_format  main  &#x27;$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] &quot;$request&quot; &#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute">                      &#x27;$status $body_bytes_sent &quot;$http_referer&quot; &#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute">                      &#x27;&quot;$http_user_agent&quot; &quot;$http_x_forwarded_for&quot;&#x27;;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute">    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute">    sendfile            on;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute">    tcp_nopush          on;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute">    tcp_nodelay         on;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute">    keepalive_timeout   65;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute">    types_hash_max_size 2048;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute">    client_max_body_size 100m;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute">    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute">    default_type        application/octet-stream;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute">    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute">    server &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute">        listen       800 default_server;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute">        listen       [</span>::]:800 default_server;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attribute">server_name  localhost;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute">        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute">        # Load configuration files for the default server block.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute">        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute">        location / &#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute">            root /home/git/projects/hexo-blog;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute">            index index.html index.html;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute">        &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute">    &#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attribute">&#125;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>然后使用<code>nginx -s reload</code>重加载<code>nginx</code>配置</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h1 id="发布"><a href="#发布" class="headerlink" title="发布"></a>发布</h1><p>至此我们就把本地和服务器的环境全部搭建完成，现在利用 hexo 配置文件进行链接</p>
<ol>
<li>配置<code>_config.yml</code>文件中的<code>deploy</code>：</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight yml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">deploy:</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">type:</span> <span class="string">git</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">repo:</span> <span class="string">git@server_ip:/home/git/repos/blog.git</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">branch:</span> <span class="string">master</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol>
<li><p>在 <code>package.json</code> 中添加 npm 脚本</p>
<figure class="highlight json"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">&quot;scripts&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="punctuation">&#123;</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">&quot;deploy&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="string">&quot;hexo clean &amp;&amp; hexo g -d&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">,</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">&quot;start&quot;</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="string">&quot;hexo clean &amp;&amp; hexo g &amp;&amp; hexo s&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="punctuation">&#125;</span><span class="punctuation">,</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<li><p>这下在本地调试就用<code>npm start</code>，调试好了就使用<code>npm run deploy</code>部署到服务器。即可通过<code>server_ip:port/location</code>进行访问了</p>
<p>如果遇到上传不上的情况，在远端先<code>rm</code>删除分支，再创建<code>_config.yml</code>中配置的分支即可。</p>
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